Consonants

Symbols in parentheses are aurally distinct but are not underlying phonemes. Orthographic symbols are given in braces where they differ from the phonetic symbols.

The voiceless fricatives in Yivrian are lightly aspirated initial or medial position, with a voice onset time from 10-30 ms. In final positions, they are released and heavily aspirated.

The voiced fricatives have a negative voice onset time, and are fully voiced in all positions.

The phonemes /t d θ n l/ are pronounced as dentals. The phonemes /s r/ are alveolar.

The phoneme /r/ is an alveolar trill in all positions except between vowels, where it is flapped. E.g. in rod, karna, akra, hatar the /r/ is a trill, but in hara it is flapped.

The phoneme /h/ varies according to its position. It is usually [h], but adjacent to /u/ it may be [x], and adjacent to /j/ it is [ç]. In some dialects, /h/ is [x] in all positions.

The phoneme /w/ is pronounced [w] only in initial positions. Elsewhere it is a voiced bilabial fricative [β], which is spelled {vv}.

The phone [ʝ] does not occur underlyingly, but rather occurs wherever /l/ and /j/ come together (usually in verbs). The resultant cluster /lj/ assimilates into a voiced palatal fricative.

The nasals /m n/ assimilate to be homorganic with any following stop. Within roots they are spelled with the appropriate letter; and {n} is used for [ŋ]. However, the spelling of an affix does not usually change, although the stop is still pronounced as homorganic. Eg: {simtarni} is [sɪn'tarni], {simkarnar} is [sɪŋ'karnar]

In Yivrian orthography, written double letters are fairly common. However, these do not represent geminates, which do not occur in Yivrian.